Photovoltaic modules, or solar panels, both refer to the same product, the device pictured above. Photovoltaic modules are connected in series/parallel through cells, packaged, and then installed with other auxiliary materials. From the perspective of industrial chain position, photovoltaic modules are located between photovoltaic cells and photovoltaic systems, and are the final product of photovoltaic manufacturing.

The preparation of photovoltaic modules mainly includes two steps: cell interconnection and lamination:
The interconnection of cells determines the electrical performance of the module. At present, the standard number of cells for photovoltaic modules is 60 or 72 cells, corresponding to 10 or 12 copper wires as bus bars to connect them, and 6 groups are interconnected to form a photovoltaic module.
To produce a photovoltaic module, only batteries are obviously not enough, and a series of non-silicon auxiliary materials are also required. The performance of auxiliary materials also has an important influence on the final performance of the component.
At present, common components and auxiliary materials include interconnection bars, bus bars, tempered glass, adhesive films, backplanes, aluminum alloys, silica gels, and junction boxes.